overseas workers Archives - 38 North

Not All Overseas Income Is Alike: DPRK Medical Workers and the Limits of Sanctions Equivalence

medical equipment sitting on a notepad upon a desk.

George Grech

Jul 28, 2026

Foreign Affairs, WMD

The international community should not treat every form of overseas Democratic People’s …

Beyond the Blanket Ban: Reframing the International Response to North Korea’s Overseas Labor

Unique Kim

Oct 28, 2025

Domestic Affairs, Economy, Foreign Affairs, Human Security

Despite United Nations (UN) sanctions aimed at ending its labor exports, North Korea continues …

Workings of North Korea’s Illegal Foreign Currency Transactions

Sung-jun Bae

Dec 19, 2024

Economy, Foreign Affairs

In 2017, the international financial communications platform SWIFT, Society for Worldwide …

Does Kim’s Visit to Russia Signal an End to North Korea’s Strategic Solitude?

Artyom Lukin

Sep 26, 2023

Foreign Affairs

From September 12-17, Kim Jong Un made an official visit to the Russian Federation. The …